Strength and Resilience: Lived LGBTQIA2S+ Experiences in Sri Lanka
Introduction to the Queer Community in Sri Lanka
Members of the Queer community in Sri Lanka face substantial marginalization at both the hands of the state as well as civil society. Article 365 of the Sri Lankan Penal Code criminalizes same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults.
Strict social norms related to binary gender roles, marriage, and heterosexuality facilitate deeply entrenched discrimination against anyone who differs from these socially constructed norms. Sri Lankans who identify as Queer face frequent negative bias in the workplace and in their home communities and are often unjustly targeted and abused by police and other state actors.
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Although members of the Queer community in Sri Lanka endure significant bias, discrimination and harassment, the community members’ strength, power, and resilience shine through as they confront daily challenges.
Community Members
Theepsika
Theepsika, 39, lives in Jaffna, and identifies as a transgender woman.
English
Tamil
Krishante
Krishante, 18, lives in Batticaloa, and identifies as a transgender woman.
English
Tamil
Harani
Harani, 34, lives in Batticaloa, and identifies as a transgender woman.
English
Tamil
Kamalarh
Kamalarh, 22, identifies as nonbinary.
English
Tamil
Nisha
Nisha, 23, lives in Jaffna, and identifies as a transgender woman.
English
Tamil
Roshani
Roshani, 31, lives in Jaffna, and identifies as a transgender woman.
English
Tamil
Meera
Meera lives in Batticaloa and identifies as a transgender woman.
English
Tamil
Translators
Sathurshan
Sathurshan, 24, lives in Jaffna, and identifies as a gay man.
Ephraim
Ephraim lives in Colombo and identifies as gender fluid.
Being Queer in Sri Lanka
Stories from the Queer Community in Sri Lanka
Additional audio of quotes spoken
by the community members
Upon arriving at the Sarvodaya Resource Center in Moratuwa, you are met with a recording of a Buddhist prayer on repeat. Accompanied with the hum of nearby traffic, Sri Lanka presents the first of many lived binaries. For queer individuals, navigating these binaries is an everyday struggle.
“There is the male-female binary,” explains Kamalarh, a queer individual, as they are seated at the Sarvodaya Resource Center in Batticaloa. Since the age of 15, Kamalarh has identified with and came into the larger understanding of Sri Lanka’s queer community.
“We don't particularly announce ourselves to be masculine or feminine,” they continue. Kamalarh expands on how they do not know how to identify themselves within the societal gender binary, or within the queer community itself.
“I actually don't like to identify what my religion or what my ethnicity is. I rather interact with as many different kinds of people, whatever their sexual orientation or identity may be. I'm not sure if I have created the space myself or it has happened to me, but I feel like I am lucky to be able to move in this multiplicity of ethnicity and sexual identities,” they say.
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Other queer individuals are not as lucky and instead must navigate gender presentation as dictated by workplace expectations.
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Harani, a transwoman, is a Chief Accountant. When dealing with customers, Harani feels as though she must present as male, or masculine. Within the security of her own office, she has the freedom to present as a woman, speaking on how her sense of gender is validated through conversations with female colleagues that come to speak with her.
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“I can't fully come out myself or fully transition into my gender because I have to think of my family, my work, and that's important for me,” says Harani.
“They are always questioning: I am woman or I am man. That’s the problem I face,” says Theepsika, a transwoman in Jaffna. As the fifth person in their family with three elder sisters, Theepsika feels as though she must present as male, or masculine, in order to secure work and fulfill expectations of economic responsibility associated with being a man within the family.
“That is the reason I am hiding myself, for this,” says Theepsika.
Maya, a young transwoman, echoes a similar sentiment.
“If people know about me, my family will be affected, They will be ridiculed. They will be ostracized… That is all the more reason for me to control my identity,” explains Maya, describing how she often has to lie to her family in order to travel to Batticaloa to connect with other queer individuals. On her travels to Batticaloa for this interview, a friend called to ask about her purpose of travel, inquiring if she had received a new job in the town. Events like these often lead to members of the queer community that are not out publicly to exist on the margins, communicating with friends virtually through social media applications like TikTok and Grindr.
“I don't think they will have a lot of understanding or empathy towards us so that has led me to control myself and my identity. I can only express myself when I meet other community members,” says Harani.
Despite individual struggles, the Sri Lanka queer community is resilient and passionate about supporting each other.
“I suppose that's what I like the most about us, that we don't give up on each other. We have fights among ourselves, but I would never give up on my community of people,” says Harani.
“Being queer means knowing the pain and the troubles that we have gone through. We should be able to take care of each other. I can't separate what I've been through from what they have been through either,” she continues.
“When I am with my queer family and queer friends, I feel so happy and comfortable and safe…,” says Theepsika.
“The more we insist upon these differences, the more divisions that it may create. We have to carry on assuming that we are natural and we are normal, and that in itself will normalize ourselves,” explains Kamalarh, emphasizing the need for acceptance and understanding of what it means to be queer in Sri Lanka.
“Even in Sri Lanka, the people need to understand queer family, queer community… that’s why I have to share here,” says Nisha, a transwoman in Jaffna.
“Those who don’t want to be out and loud, they can play a very instrumental role behind the screen… there are a lot of individuals who are not out, who are not identifying as activists but continue to play an important, vital role in supporting the activists to take the fight forwards,” says queer scholar and activist Thiyagaraja Waradas. Although this project highlights some of the perspectives of queer Sri Lankans who have made the choice to publicly share their experiences, Waradas emphasizes the critical role that all community members play in the ongoing struggle for justice and equity for the queer community in Sri Lanka.
The Future
Hopes and goals for the future by the Queer Community
“We always give love, and we don’t need to affect or attack any person because we are not like that. The people will realize that the queer community has really nice people. They can explore anything. They can be themselves and love to show themselves. They are really caring people. That’s the thing I hope to say.” -Sathurshan
“I want everyone to know that even in Sri Lanka there are people like us. We also deserve respect, acknowledge our feelings. We want to be independent, and we want people to know that we are here as well.” -Krishante
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“People have accept us and with that, I want parents who understand us. We are grown up now, but the next generation is still there and there are lots of queer people among us. They should be able to pursue whatever field that they want to live their lives in. This is what's important to me, that parents should change and understand us, and this is what I also pray for.” -Harani
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“Even in Sri Lanka, the people need to understand queer family, queer community, then understanding and accepting, then everything will be changed I feel so if a work or study or family things everything can be a change as possible to understand it and accepting. That’s why I have to share here.” -Nisha
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“Even in Sri Lanka, there are lots of queer people. It does not look like there is also a platform for us. Even if people come out, they limit themselves within a small community or environment. We need to be able to live within every walk of life in order to make it normal. Even when people come out, they often live on their own. Why do we have to do this? Just because we live on our own, does that mean that they are no longer our mother or father or brother? As long as we are with them is how we can create an understanding of the community.” -Kamalarh
“The more we separate ourselves from them is why they would want to comment about us or make fun of us and so on and so forth. Another thing I want to say is that we do not want anything from y'all. Let us live and we will find a way to exist. You don't have to give or do anything for us. We will live our lives. You don't have to do anything for me to live. I will find a way to live and carry on my life and we just need the space for it.” -Kamalarh
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“Everyone seems to be comfortable within small circles. If we look at a drop of rain, in there's a drop of rain that will eventually be can become a flood. Everyone in Sri Lanka needs to be able to understand these things. I am struggling for myself to create the space for myself. I want be able to make sure that the next generation has a platform for themselves, next generation within the queer community that has a platform for themselves.” -Kamalarh
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“So, there's a thing I admire about [Sri Lanka’s queer community]. Any time when we have a community gathering, the happiness that we feel there, the freedom that we feel there, is inexplicable. There are no words to express the feeling of acceptance that you feel there.” -Roshani
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“When I am being with my queer family and queer friends, I feel so happy and comfortable and safe, because that's the time we can talk more, we can travel somewhere, we can [enjoy] that moment. I feel that is the great, happy moment for me.” -Theepsika
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“I basically want to be an advocate because past this age, and I don't want other people to go through the hard life that I've been through. I'll always support them, and anytime that they'll feel like they don't have anybody, I want to be there to advocate for them. Now, I've got the guts to be myself, who I feel inside. I want all the other people, transgender people, to feel the same. I will do anything in my power for them to make them have that home that they can be themselves as they are feeling themselves.” -Sana
“People speak about us without getting to know us and they speak very badly about us without knowing someone, how could even speak for them? Speak about them. They say that we do these things for sex, we do these things for the sake of other people's money. I think we need to secure our rights to live safely and I want this for my country.” -Amaya
“What I hope for is that one day we would have- the younger generation that they have here, the LGBTQ community, and the people that are outside but here. That it’s important for LGBTQ community to have financial support and a great education support. It's a very slow process, but this is what I want for my community to have. So that they will one day be enough. So that they have freedom and liberty.” -Sutha
“Speak on our behalf and advocate for us. When I turned 20, that's when I found out about the LGBTQ community at large. That's where I found my freedom and within these groups, I start to flourish.” -Sivene
“Right now, I have declared that this is my path and this my journey. People still tell me that Sri Lanka is not the place for you. You have to go out of here and live in a different society, in a different country to be able to achieve anything at all. This is also important because I don't know how many people in Karaitivu are currently gay or lesbians. Me, going out of my society, out of my country, and having these things, I will be able to affirm people's identities who are in my city and town.” -Sivene
“I have to acknowledge the country that has fed me, raised me, and nurtured me, given me so many good qualities. It has given me this education that I have, which is Sri Lanka. Just because we have different gender identities, please, do not harass us. When people do, whether it is in a bus or whether it is by the police, pay attention to these things. We are all one mother's children. Among these children are of different kinds of ethnicities and even among these people, there are many of us. So, please try not to marginalize us. Even if we go somewhere else, we will contribute back to the country. We will help people, the future generation of this country. This is what I want for myself. To parents, I would like to say, please take care of your children, because these are your children. But unfortunately, we can't give much back to you, except our love.” -Sivene
“The reason why I came here and why I wanted to be part of this is exactly the same reason why I admire this queer community, not just in Sri Lanka but everywhere. It's that we've got something to fight for, and they realize that they need to fight for it. So if everyone has this realization that we have to fight to get that, or at least we have to work together - fighting could be offensive. We have to work to get what we want. So this is what I admire.” -Andru
“And as generations change, as we move up, it's changed a little bit. Things that we had as taboos are no longer serious taboos. Back at mummy's time, you never ever saw a person tattooed. Now, we've got these. It's no longer a taboo here. So one day, I'm going to be teaching my sons and daughters too. If he ever go and see a white person and ask me, "Why is that person different?" I've got this much heritage to teach him, "They are just the same, just different color." And if he ever sees two people, two gay couples or lesbian couples go in and have children, if he ever asks me why they're different, I would at least have the maturity to tell him that, "No, a family could be this, or this, or this." Basically, there is no definition defining anything. We are all like a very big circle, human. So I would be doing this to my children, and when they grow up, they'll be doing it. And as this generation grows up and up, one day, hopefully, it won't be a thing anymore.” -Andru
Contributing members of the Periclean Scholars Class of 2023
Allison Aramburu
Virginia Beall
Abigail Fisher
Kasey Fountain
Mathew Gendle
Hugh Goldstein
Luke Johnson
Emerson Wells
Kate Wirth
Clare Grant
Photography, audio and video by:
Clare Grant
Luke Johnson
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Words by:
Emerson Wells
Mathew Gendle